The Company G. Vianini & C. builds its first industrial plant in Rome to produce cement products. In the first years of the new century the company will become "Vianini Spa". In the 1920s, Vianini began expanding abroad. In the following decades the company willcarry out important hydraulic and infrastructural works all over the world.

Vianini Spa (today Caltagirone Spa) is listed on the Rome Stock Exchange.

Francesco Gaetano Caltagirone takes over the Vianini Group (Vianini Spa, Vianini Lavori Spa, Vianini Industria Spa and Vianini Ingegneria Spa), listed on the italian stock exchange and active in infrastructure and cement products sectors. The group has a a strong international presence.

Vianini Lavori Spa (infrastructures) and Vianini Industria Spa (concrete products) are both listed on the italian stock exchange. The parent company Vianini Spa change the name to Caltagirone Spa and becomes a holding company. In the following years Vianini Lavori will carry out important works all over the world including the highest dam in the world in El Guavio in Colombia, the main dams in Thailand and Laos, important hydraulic works in Hong Kong, Sri Lanka and Venezuela, all the main Italian aqueducts, as well as the Caracas metro, the Milan metro, the Rome metro line C, the Naples metro line 1, the Rome-Naples high-speed railway and the direct Rome-Florence route and important motorway projects in Italy and abroad.

Caltagirone acquires Cementir from the IRI Group. This is the first Italian privatization. Cementir is one of the main cement producers in Italy and in a few years becomes the operative arm of the Group's internationalization process.

Diversification in the media sector begins with the acquisition, in 1996, of Il Messaggero, the historical newspaper of Rome founded in 1878 and of the Piemme. In 1997 the group will acquire Il Mattino di Napoli, the leading newspaper in the south of Italy with over 100 years of history. In 1998 the group will acquire Il Nuovo Quotidiano di Puglia.

The dimensions assumed by the publishing business led, in 1999, to the birth of Caltagirone Editore and the following year to its listing on the italian Stock Exchange. Vianini Lavori, through Eurostazioni Spa, enters the capital of Grandi Stazioni, a company that manages the 12 most important Italian railway stations. The share will be sold in 2016.

Cementir acquires the turkish group Cimentas, the third largest cement producer in Turkey and listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange. The free press Leggo is founded, which soon exceeds 2 million average readers per day. The Group exceeds the 2% threshold in the capital of ACEA Spa, a company of the Municipality of Rome that distributes water and electricity. Francesco Gaetano Caltagirone enters the capital of Banca MPS Spa. He will be Vice Chair of the Board of the bank from 2006 to 2012.

Cementir acquires the danish groups Aalborg Portland AS and Unicon AS thus becoming a world leader in the production of white cement. Caltagirone Editore is enriched with Il Corriere Adriatico, one of the oldest italian newspapers and leaders in the Marche region.

Cementir expands its presence in Turkey with the acquisition of the Edirne and Elazig plants and acquires the danish 4K Beton. Caltagirone Editore acquires Il Gazzettino di Venezia, the leading newspaper in the Triveneto area, reaching its current conformation.

In order to adapt to the international dimension reached Cementir reorganizes itself creating Cementir Holding and three operating companies controlled by it. Meanwhile Cementir consolidates its presence in the waste treatment and alternative fuel production sectors with the acquisitions of Sureko AS (2009), Recydia (2011) and NWM Holdings Ltd (2012). The Group enters the capital of Assicurazioni Generali SpA with a stake of over 2%. In 2010 Francesco Gaetano Caltagirone is appointed Vice Chair of the Board of the company. Participation in ACEA Spa grows progressively to exceed 16%.

Vianini Lavori is delisted in order to rationalize the Group's activities in the infrastructures sector.

Cementir Holding acquires Italcementi's activities in Belgium, thus gaining a strategic role in the heart of western Europe, and in Italy the activities of Sacci Spa, the 7th national operator. Caltagirone Editore starts a process of reorganization of its publishing activities, restyling the newspapers and development of the online newspapers editions. Vianini Industria acquires Domus Italia, a group active in the management of residential properties, changes its name to Vianini Spa and divest industrial activities. The Group acquires a 3.5% stake in the capital of Suez Environnement SA, a world leader in the treatment of water and waste to witch transfers 10% of ACEA Spa in exchange.

Cementir Holding sells all italian activities to HeidelbergCement AG and, thanks to the acquisition of a further stake in the american Lehigh White Cement Company operating in the production and sale of white cement in North America, consolidates its position as world leader in production and sale of white cement. Caltagirone Editore completes the process of reorganization of publishing activities, restyling and development of online editions.